Research Knowledge Base

BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide derived from a protective protein found in gastric juice. It is widely studied for its potential role in tissue repair, wound healing, and gut protection in preclinical models.

TB-500 is a synthetic version of a naturally occurring peptide (Thymosin Beta-4) present in virtually all human and animal cells. It is extensively researched for wound healing, tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory properties.

CJC-1295 (No DAC) and Ipamorelin are a pre-blended GH secretagogue stack that work on two different receptors in the GH axis — GHRH and ghrelin receptors — producing synergistic pulsatile GH release larger than either peptide alone. The no-DAC version preserves the body's natural pulsatile GH rhythm.

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that mimics ghrelin to stimulate GH release. It is considered one of the mildest GH-releasing peptides with fewer side effects. Most commonly used as part of the CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin pre-blended stack for synergistic GH release.

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of ACTH developed in Russia, where it is a registered pharmaceutical approved for stroke recovery, cognitive impairment, optic nerve disease, and ADHD-related conditions. It works primarily by upregulating BDNF and other neurotrophins, driving neuroplasticity, neuronal survival, and synapse formation. Cognitive effects are often felt within a single administration.

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of Tuftsin, developed in Russia alongside Semax. It is a registered pharmaceutical for anxiety disorders, asthenic conditions, and cognitive dysfunction. Selank produces a calming anxiolytic effect without sedation, amnesia, or dependence risk — the anxiolytic counterpart to Semax's stimulating profile.

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. It is extensively researched for skin remodeling, wound healing, and anti-aging effects. Effects are cumulative and subtle — patience is key.

Tesamorelin is a stabilised synthetic analogue of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH). It is the only FDA-approved peptide for visceral fat reduction (brand name Egrifta), with robust clinical trial evidence. It triggers the pituitary's own pulsatile GH secretion for a natural hormonal rhythm.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic peptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It is FDA-approved (as Vyleesi) for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women and studied for sexual dysfunction.

Melanotan II is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It is researched for its effects on skin pigmentation, sexual function, and appetite suppression.

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of peptides that mimic the incretin hormone GLP-1. They are FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity management and are among the most widely studied peptide-based therapies.

GLP-2 analogs, such as teduglutide, are researched for their role in intestinal growth and repair. Teduglutide is FDA-approved for short bowel syndrome.

GLP-3RT (Retatrutide) is a novel triple-agonist peptide that activates GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. It is being investigated for obesity and type 2 diabetes, with early clinical trials showing significant weight loss results.

NAD+ is a coenzyme found in every cell in the body, essential for energy production, DNA repair, sirtuin activation, and cellular stress response. NAD+ levels decline significantly with age. Subcutaneous injection bypasses the digestive conversion pathway for higher bioavailability than oral NMN/NR supplementation.

KPV is a tripeptide derived from alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It is researched for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in gut inflammation, skin conditions, and immune modulation.

MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide that activates the AMPK pathway — the body's primary energy-sensing system. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, fat oxidation, and cellular stress resilience. Naturally produced during fasting and exercise; levels decline with age.

Tirzepatide is an FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist used for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound). It has shown superior weight loss results compared to single GLP-1 agonists in clinical trials.

Semaglutide is an FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist available as injectable (Ozempic, Wegovy) and oral (Rybelsus) formulations. It is widely used for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.

KLOW is a four-peptide blend combining GHK-Cu, KPV, BPC-157, and TB-500 for synergistic gut health, skin repair, and systemic anti-inflammatory support. Daily dosing allows all four peptides to work together for compounding benefit.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting acylated amylin analogue developed by Novo Nordisk for once-weekly subcutaneous injection. It selectively activates amylin receptors (AMY1/2/3) in the brainstem and hypothalamus, driving satiety independent of the GLP-1 pathway, slowing gastric emptying, and suppressing postprandial glucagon. Studied standalone and in combination with semaglutide (CagriSema / REDEFINE trials), it produces dose-dependent weight loss with a favorable tolerability profile relative to GLP-1 agonists alone.

GLOW is a three-peptide blend combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500 for skin regeneration, tissue repair, and systemic recovery. Daily dosing maximizes cumulative benefit across all three peptides.

The Wolverine Stack is a pre-blended combination of BPC-157 and TB-500 — the two most widely studied tissue-repair peptides. Both work systemically but through different pathways, activating two complementary repair cascades simultaneously for significantly greater recovery than either peptide alone.

IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring IGF-1 hormone with an arginine substitution at position 3 and 13 additional N-terminus amino acids. These modifications reduce binding-protein affinity, giving it a 20–30 hour half-life and ~3x the potency of native IGF-1. Uniquely, it drives muscle hypertrophy and fat oxidation simultaneously.

L-Glutathione (GSH) is the body's most abundant endogenous antioxidant — a tripeptide of cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid produced in virtually every cell. Often called the 'master antioxidant,' it neutralises free radicals directly and regenerates other antioxidants including Vitamins C and E. Glutathione levels decline with age, chronic illness, oxidative stress, and poor lifestyle. Injectable glutathione bypasses the digestive system, delivering dramatically higher bioavailability than oral forms.

Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is the minimal bioactive fragment of the kisspeptin family — a 10-amino-acid C-terminal sequence that retains full binding affinity for the KISS1R (GPR54) receptor. It is the most potent known stimulator of the human reproductive hormone axis, driving GnRH release and downstream LH/FSH secretion. Two 2023 JAMA Network Open RCTs confirmed kisspeptin improves sexual brain processing and penile tumescence in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, including when testosterone was already normal. Originally characterised in oncology as 'metastin' for its antimetastatic activity.

DSIP is a naturally occurring nonapeptide first isolated from rabbit cerebral venous blood in 1977 at the University of Basel, named for its ability to increase slow-wave (delta) EEG activity — the deepest, most restorative sleep stage. Subsequent research revealed a far broader profile spanning stress, pain, hormone regulation, and antioxidant activity. Unusually, its gene has never been identified. It crosses the blood-brain barrier, which distinguishes it from most peptides and underpins its central effects.